Exercise & Prevention
Many studies have shown that systematic and controlled physical activity and exercise significantly reduces the risk of heart attacks and stroke incidents.
The scientific community has noticed a rapid increase in the rate of occurrence of epidemic chronic cardiovascular diseases and must find solutions to deal with this phenomenon. Exercise and physical activity are inextricably linked to the man's physical and mental health, while it is clearly the ideal means of preventing and restoring chronic diseases. The advancement of Medical Science in the field of CVD and the development factors that cause them is of particular importance, so let's follow their advice.
International Health and Physical Activity Organisations provide specific instructions for designing and improving workout programs, based on the Heart Rate, however the scientific basis of designing such a program is reflected in the improvement of performance of the person following it or the progress of health of the patient. Are we ready to take scientific advice on exercise?
Assessing the results of a test allows Strenght and Fitness Coaches to identify the parameters and points in which persons following a fitness program need improvement. Protocols of tests should provide us with clear guidance in lab (ergometric tests) to be converted into a training process with consistency, reliability and objectivity.
Measurement and recording of Heart Rate (HR), for example, can give us important information about the fatigue caused during training. Both aerobics and training with weights affect virtually all organism's physiological systems and thus everything indicates that each trainee needs a basic level of cardiovascular endurance in order to improve the Maximum Oxygen Intake (VO2max), which is associated with an increase in the Maximum Cardiac Output and Athletic performance. The Safety and Efficiency of the exercise programs is the only way!
Exercise as a treatment of choice and as a drug of choice is prescribed / recommended after the trainee is assessed in the context of an overall training design. Workout programs require personalisation and adjustment to the needs, the abilities and the weaknesses of the trainee to treat chronic diseases or just to improve their physical condition and health.
As a system that supports motion, the cardio-respiratory system transports oxygen and other essential nutrients to tissues (muscles). The way it will be burdened during the movement and exercise is determined by the characteristics of the exercise (motion). So we are talking about a type of motion that drives the muscles in the aerobic, among others, metabolic routes.
Aerobic exercise does not train just the heart. In any motion pattern, the initial phase involves the production of oxygen-free energy. We call an exercise aerobic when catabolism occurs with the use of oxygen. As a supportive system, the cardio-respiratory system must send it adequately to the tissues. The heart health depends on the quality of blood but also on its activity; however the quality of blood and its beneficial and harmful ingredients are regulated by the nervous system and the endocrine system (glands) activity.
In a personalised, complete design of workout programs, the systems involved in the motion are ranked, and in fact reported by the alertness of the Nervous System in initial action, and subsequently with the Myoskeletal System, to end up with the Endocrine System.
Manipulation of the Endocrine System and hormones is a basic tool not only for the exercise to improve performance but also for the exercise as a therapeutic approach. Training with weights, anaerobic exercise and the fats katabolism when at rest for the anabolic processes, adaptation and development of tissues are equally important factors for heart health, and this requires a holistic approach of the trainee and a Complete Training Planning.
REFERENCES
- American College of Sports Medicine. American College of Sports Medicine Position Stand: The recommended quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness, and flexibility in healthy adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1998;30:975–991.
- Bell GJ, Syrotuik D, Martin TP, Burnham R, Quinney HA. Effect of concurrent strength and endurance training on skeletal muscle properties and hormone concentrations in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2000;81:418–427.
- Dudley GA, Djamil R. Incompatibility of endurance- and strength-training modes of exercise. J Appl Physiol. 1985;59:1446–1451.
- Glowacki SP, Martin SE, Maurer A, et al. Effects of resistance, endurance, and concurrent exercise on training outcomes in men. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2004;36:2119–2127.
- Häkkinen K, Alen M, Kraemer WJ, et al. Neuromuscular adapta-tions during concurrent strength and endurance training versus strength training. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2003;89:42–52.
- Karvonen M, Kentala K, Musta O. The effects of training on heart rate: a longitudinal study. Ann Med Exp Biol Fenn. 1957;35:307–315.
- Morgan DW, Bransford DR, Costill DL, Daniels JT, Howley ET, Krahenbuhl GS. Variation in the aerobic demand of running among trained and untrained subjects. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1995;27:404–409.
- Reuter BH, Hagerman PS. Aerobic endurance exercise training. In: Baechle TR, Earle RW, editors. Essentials of Strength Training and Conditioning. 3rd ed. Champaign (IL): Human Kinetics; 2008. pp. 489-503.
- Swain DP. Cardiorespiratory exercise prescription. In: Ehrman JK, editor. ACSM’s Resource Manual for Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription. 6th ed. Philadelphia (PA): Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2010. pp. 448-462.
- Yamamoto LM, Lopez RM, Klau JF, et al. The effects of resistance training on endurance distance running performance among highly trained runners: a systematic review. J Strength Cond Res. 2008;22:2036–2044.
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